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Jean Renoir (; 15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979) was a French film director, screenwriter, actor, producer and author. As a film director and actor, he made more than forty films from the silent era to the end of the 1960s. His films ''Grand Illusion'' (1937) and ''The Rules of the Game'' (1939) are often cited by critics as among the greatest films ever made. He was ranked by the BFI's ''Sight & Sound'' poll of critics in 2002 as the fourth greatest director of all time.〔("The Critics’ Top Ten Directors" ), ''Sight & Sound'' poll ()〕 Among numerous honors accrued during his lifetime, he received a Lifetime Achievement Academy Award in 1975 for his contribution to the motion picture industry. Renoir was the son of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir. ==Early life and early career== Renoir was born in the Montmartre district of Paris, France. He was the second son of Aline (née Charigot) Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, the renowned painter. His elder brother was Pierre Renoir, a French stage and film actor, and his younger brother Claude Renoir (1901–1969) had a brief minor career in the film industry, mostly assisting on a few of Jean's films.〔http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2039967〕 Renoir was also the uncle of Claude Renoir (1913–1993), the son of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir on several of his films. Renoir was largely raised by Gabrielle Renard, his nanny and his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a strong bond. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live with the Renoir family.〔''My Life and My Films'', p. 16〕 She introduced the young boy to the Guignol puppet shows in Montmartre, which influenced his later film career. He wrote in his 1974 memoirs ''My Life and My Films'', "She taught me to see the face behind the mask and the fraud behind the flourishes. She taught me to detest the cliché."〔''My Life and My Films'', pp. 29, 282〕 Gabrielle was also fascinated by the new motion-picture invention, and when Renoir was only a few years old she took him to see his first film. As a child, Renoir moved to the south of France with his family. He and the rest of the Renoir family were the subjects of many of his father's paintings. His father's financial success ensured that the young Renoir was educated at fashionable boarding schools, from which, as he later wrote, he frequently ran away.〔Renoir, Jean. ''Renoir My Father'', Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1962, pp. 417-419; 425-429〕 At the outbreak of World War I, Renoir was serving in the French cavalry. Later, after receiving a bullet in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot.〔Durgnat, Raymond. ''Jean Renoir'', Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974, pp. 27-28〕 His leg injury left him with a permanent limp, but allowed him to discover the cinema, as he recuperated by watching films with his leg elevated; seeing the works of Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith and others.〔Renoir, Jean. ''My Life and My Films'', New York: Atheneum, 1974, pp. 40-43〕〔''Renoir My Father'', pp. 417-19.〕 After the war, Renoir followed his father's suggestion and tried his hand at making ceramics, but he soon set that aside to make films. He was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.〔''My Life and My Films'', pp. 47-48.〕〔"Memories" by Jean Renoir, reprinted from ''Le Point,'' XVIII, December 1938 in Bazin, Andre. ''Jean Renoir'', New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973, pp. 151-152〕 In 1924, Renoir directed ''Une Vie Sans Joie'' or ''Catherine,'' the first of his nine silent films, most of which starred his first wife, Catherine Hessling. She was also his father's last model.〔Durgnat, p. 29. The name of the film was ''Une Vie Sans Joie'' or ''Catherine''.〕 At this stage, his films did not produce a return. Renoir gradually sold paintings inherited from his father to finance them.〔''My Life and My Films'', pp. 81-85〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean Renoir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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